/* Journal Main Global Styles */
*,
::before,
::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    background-color: #f3f4f6;
    color: #1f2937;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
}

/* ========= HEADER ========= */
/* Dark bar: Logo (left) + Title (center/flex) + Open Access badge (right) */
.journal-header {
    background-color: #1a1a1a;
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 6px 0;
}

.journal-header-container {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
}

.journal-header-logo {
    height: 140px;
    /* Increased size to look bigger */
    width: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    display: block;
}

.journal-brand-text {
    display: none;
}

.journal-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
}

/* Title takes up remaining space */
.journal-header-title {
    flex: 1;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    /* Increased font size */
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Open Access Badge – white box, right-aligned */
.open-access-badge {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    border: 2px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 5px;
    padding: 8px 18px;
    /* Increased padding */
    font-weight: 900;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    /* Increased font size */
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.open-access-lock-icon {
    width: 18px;
    /* Increased size */
    height: 18px;
    color: #f59e0b;
}

/* ========= NAVBAR ========= */
/* Separate darker bar: nav links (left) + search (right) */
.journal-navbar {
    background-color: #111111;
    border-top: 1px solid #2a2a2a;
}

.journal-navbar-container {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.journal-nav-links {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    gap: 0;
}

.journal-nav-links li {
    display: block;
}

.journal-nav-links a {
    display: block;
    color: #cccccc;
    font-weight: 600;
    /* Increased font weight */
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    /* Increased font size */
    padding: 11px 18px;
    transition: color 0.15s;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-nav-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
}

.journal-nav-links a.active {
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Search Bar */
.journal-search-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.journal-search-input {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: #1f2937;
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-right: none;
    border-radius: 6px 0 0 6px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    width: 260px;
    height: 36px;
    outline: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.journal-search-input:focus {
    border-color: #c9a84c;
}

.journal-search-btn {
    background-color: #b30000;
    /* Crimson red default */
    border: 1px solid #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
    padding: 0 16px;
    height: 36px;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
}

.journal-search-btn:hover {
    background-color: #1d4ed8;
    /* Blue on hover */
    border-color: #1d4ed8;
    color: #ffffff;
}



/* Main Layout Grid */
.journal-main-wrapper {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 30px auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

.journal-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr 300px;
    gap: 25px;
}

/* Sidebar and Main Columns */
.journal-sidebar {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 25px;
    align-self: start;
}

.journal-content-col {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 25px;
}

/* Sidebar Cards */
.journal-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-card-header {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 10px 18px;
    color: #111827;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 3.5px solid #b30000;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
}

.journal-card-body {
    padding: 15px 18px;
}

/* Sidebar link lists */
.sidebar-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.sidebar-links li {
    padding: 10px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed #f3f4f6;
}

.sidebar-links li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.sidebar-links li:first-child {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.sidebar-links a {
    color: #1f2937;
    /* Darker text */
    font-size: 16px;
    /* Increased font size */
    font-weight: 600;
    /* Semi-bold weight */
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.sidebar-links a:hover {
    color: #b30000;
    /* Hover color matches theme */
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.sidebar-links-icon {
    width: 16px;
    /* Increased size */
    height: 16px;
    color: #b30000;
    /* Red/Crimson color */
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Indexings Card Image Container */
.indexing-image-container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 10px;
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Semantic Scholar Styled Box */
.semantic-scholar-badge {
    background-color: #1f2937;
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 16px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    text-align: center;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    width: 100%;
}

.semantic-scholar-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    color: #38bdf8;
}

.semantic-scholar-icon {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    fill: #38bdf8;
}

.semantic-scholar-text {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: #94a3b8;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Journal Cover Detail Box */
.journal-detail-container {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    display: flex;
    gap: 24px;
    align-items: center;
}

.journal-cover-visual {
    width: 150px;
    height: 200px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ef4444 0%, #b91c1c 100%);
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid #991b1b;
    color: #ffffff;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 15px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-cover-visual::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 10px;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 1px;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    box-shadow: 1px 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

.journal-cover-logo {
    height: 35px;
    width: 35px;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 50%;
    align-self: flex-end;
    padding: 1px;
}

.journal-cover-text {
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-cover-subtext {
    font-size: 0.55rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-top: 5px;
}

.journal-cover-issn {
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-top: auto;
}

.journal-detail-info {
    flex-grow: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
}

.journal-detail-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    /* Slightly larger */
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    /* Reset browser default margin-top to align top with cover mockup */
}

.journal-detail-link {
    color: #2563eb;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    word-break: break-all;
}

.journal-detail-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-detail-metadata {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #4b5563;
}

.journal-detail-metadata span strong {
    color: #1f2937;
}

.journal-impact-factor-box {
    color: #ef4444;
    font-weight: 800;
}

/* Journal Metrics Table */
.metrics-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.metrics-table tr {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6;
}

.metrics-table tr:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.metrics-table td {
    padding: 10px 0;
    /* More spacing */
    font-size: 16px;
    /* Increased font size */
}

.metrics-table-label {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1f2937;
    /* Darker color */
    width: 65%;
}

.metrics-table-val {
    text-align: right;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
}

/* Articles Section */
.articles-section-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #ef4444;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.article-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.article-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
}

.article-card-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-card-authors {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #2563eb;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.article-card-meta {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #6b7280;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.article-card-doi {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #2563eb;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    display: inline-block;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-card-doi:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-card-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: 16px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-top: 1px dashed #f3f4f6;
    padding-top: 10px;
}

.article-stat-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.article-stat-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

/* Footer Section */
.journal-footer {
    background-color: #111827;
    color: #d1d5db;
    /* Brighter color for high contrast and legibility */
    border-top: 4px solid #1f2937;
    padding-top: 24px;
    height: auto;
    /* Ensure height is auto */
}

.journal-footer-container {
    max-width: 1280px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 180px 1.2fr 1fr 1.2fr;
    gap: 30px;
}

.footer-logo-col {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.journal-footer-logo {
    height: 100px;
    width: auto;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 0;
    padding: 0;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.footer-col-license {
    text-align: center !important;
}

.footer-col-license .footer-col-title {
    text-align: center !important;
}

.footer-col-license .cc-badge-box {
    align-items: center !important;
    text-align: center !important;
}

.footer-col-title {
    color: #f59e0b;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.footer-text {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.footer-text p {
    margin: 0 0 2px 0 !important;
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #d1d5db;
    /* Brighter color for high contrast and legibility */
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    /* Increased font size */
    font-weight: 500;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.cc-badge-box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.cc-license-icon-box {
    display: inline-flex;
    gap: 4px;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

.cc-icon-badge {
    background-color: #374151;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    padding: 3px 8px;
    border-radius: 3px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-family: sans-serif;
}

.cc-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    /* Increased size in footer */
    color: #9ca3af;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Footer publisher & email styling */
.footer-publisher-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: 1.0rem;
}

.footer-publisher-name {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    color: #9ca3af;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.footer-email-link {
    color: #f59e0b;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.footer-email-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.journal-footer-bottom {
    background-color: #030712;
    padding: 10px 0;
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-align: center;
    border-top: 1px solid #1f2937;
}

.journal-copyright {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #d1d5db;
    /* Prominent bright color */
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Responsive Styles */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .journal-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
    }

    .journal-sidebar-right {
        grid-column: span 2;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .journal-footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .journal-header-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .journal-logo-title-group {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .journal-nav-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        height: auto;
        padding: 10px 20px;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .journal-nav-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 5px;
        height: auto;
    }

    .journal-nav-links a {
        padding: 8px 12px;
    }

    .journal-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .journal-sidebar-right {
        grid-column: span 1;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .journal-detail-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .journal-footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .footer-logo-col {
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

/* ========= CiteFactor Indexing Badge ========= */
.indexing-citefactor-badge {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 10px 0 6px;
}

.citefactor-title {
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1a1a1a;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', serif;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.citefactor-sub {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-top: 2px;
    line-height: 1.3;
}


/* Styled Cover Mockup */
.journal-cover-image {
    width: 140px;
    height: 190px;
    object-fit: contain;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    padding: 2px;
}

.journal-cover-mockup {
    width: 140px;
    height: 190px;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    display: flex;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
}

.cover-red-spine {
    width: 12px;
    background-color: #b91c1c;
    /* Crimson spine */
    height: 100%;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.cover-content {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 10px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
}

.cover-logo-small {
    height: 25px;
    width: auto;
    margin-top: 5px;
}

.cover-title-small {
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cover-sub-small {
    font-size: 0.45rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.cover-red-footer {
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #b91c1c;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.45rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 3px 0;
    border-radius: 2px;
    margin-top: auto;
}

/* Unified Articles List */
.journal-articles-list {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.article-item-row {
    padding: 16px 20px;
    /* More professional compact padding */
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f3f4f6;
}

.article-item-row:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.article-item-title {
    font-size: 1.0rem;
    /* Reduced font size for paper title */
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin: 0 0 4px 0;
    /* Reset margins to remove top browser spacing */
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-item-title a {
    color: #111827;
    /* Prominent dark title */
}

.article-item-title a:hover {
    color: #2563eb;
}

.article-item-authors {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    /* Increased size */
    color: #2563eb;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    /* Reduced gap */
}

.article-item-meta {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    /* Increased size */
    color: #4b5563;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    /* Reduced gap */
}

.article-item-doi-stats {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    /* Increased size */
    color: #4b5563;
}

.article-item-doi {
    color: #2563eb;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-item-doi:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-item-counter {
    color: #6b7280;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* Submission Form Styling */
.submission-form {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 24px;
    max-width: 100%;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.form-group {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
}

.form-group label {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #475569;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.8px;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.form-control {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #1e293b;
    width: 100%;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    outline: none;
    font-family: inherit;
    transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: inset 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.form-control:focus {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #b30000;
    /* brand crimson */
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3.5px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.form-control-select {
    appearance: none;
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='none' viewBox='0 0 24 24' stroke='%23475569' stroke-width='2.5'%3E%3Cpath stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round' d='M19.5 8.25l-7.5 7.5-7.5-7.5'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: right 16px center;
    background-size: 16px;
    padding-right: 40px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.form-textarea {
    height: 100px;
    resize: vertical;
}

.form-textarea-large {
    height: 190px;
    resize: vertical;
}

.form-help-text {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #64748b;
    margin-top: 2px;
}

/* Styled File Input */
.file-upload-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.file-upload-wrapper:focus-within {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #b30000;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3.5px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.file-input {
    flex: 1;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    outline: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    background-color: transparent;
    border: none;
    color: #475569;
}

.file-custom-btn {
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
    border-left: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding: 12px 18px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #475569;
    white-space: nowrap;
    user-select: none;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.file-upload-wrapper:hover .file-custom-btn {
    background-color: #e2e8f0;
}

/* Submit Button */
.btn-submit-manuscript {
    background-color: #b30000;
    /* Brand Crimson */
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 12px 28px;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
    align-self: flex-start;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.1);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.btn-submit-manuscript:hover {
    background-color: #900000;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 12px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.25), 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.btn-submit-manuscript:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.btn-submit-blue {
    background-color: #1e3a8a !important;
    /* Premium deep blue */
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.2), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.1) !important;
}

.btn-submit-blue:hover {
    background-color: #172554 !important;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 12px -1px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.25), 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.15) !important;
}

/* Admin styles moved to admin.css */

/* ==========================================================================
   GLOBAL REUSABLE CLASSES FOR FRONT-END PAGES (Task 5 & 7)
   ========================================================================== */

/* Standardized paragraph styling across all inner pages (Task 3) */
.journal-card-text {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #374151;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
    text-align: justify;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

.journal-card-text p {
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-size: 16px;
}

.journal-card-body p {
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #374151;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    text-align: justify;
}

.journal-card-body p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journal-highlight-box {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.journal-highlight-box-title {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #111827;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.journal-highlight-box-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #4b5563;
}

/* Manuscript Preparation styles */
.journal-preparation-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.journal-preparation-item {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 15px;
    border-left: 3.5px solid #b30000;
    border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

.journal-preparation-item-title {
    margin: 0 0 6px 0;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #111827;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.journal-preparation-intro {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.journal-references-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #b30000;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    margin: 15px 0 10px 0;
}

.journal-examples-title {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    margin: 20px 0 10px 0;
}

.journal-examples-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.journal-example-item-title {
    color: #b30000;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.journal-example-item-text {
    margin: 0;
    font-style: italic;
    font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   EDITORIAL BOARD VIEWS (Task 3 & 4)
   ========================================================================== */
.editorial-section {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.editorial-section-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #b30000;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f3f4f6;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.editorial-member-card {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    display: flex;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.editorial-member-photo {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    background-color: #f3f4f6;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.editorial-member-info {
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.editorial-member-name {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    margin: 0 0 6px 0;
}

.editorial-member-title {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #4b5563;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.editorial-member-affiliation {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.editorial-member-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #4b5563;
}

.editorial-member-link {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.editorial-member-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.editorial-member-email {
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.editorial-grid-2 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .editorial-grid-2 {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .editorial-member-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

/* Reusable Table styles (Task 5) */
.journal-table-box {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 20px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.journal-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.journal-table th {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 10px 0;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.journal-table th.text-right {
    text-align: right;
    color: #b30000;
}

.journal-table td {
    padding: 12px 0;
    color: #374151;
}

.journal-table td.fee-name {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.journal-table td.fee-val {
    text-align: right;
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

/* Reusable Warning/Note Alert styles (Task 5) */
.journal-note-box {
    background-color: #fffbeb;
    border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.journal-note-text {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #78350f;
}

/* Form layout helper classes (Task 5) */
.form-control-select {
    appearance: auto;
}

.form-group-submit {
    margin-top: 25px;
}

.btn-submit-blue {
    background-color: #2563eb;
}

/* Headings styles (Task 5) */
.journal-section-heading {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #b30000;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.journal-section-subheading {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Warnings and highlights blocks (Task 5) */
.journal-warning-box {
    background-color: #fffbeb;
    border-left: 4px solid #d97706;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

.journal-warning-text {
    margin: 0;
    color: #92400e;
}

.journal-warning-link {
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Reusable Information card blocks (Task 5) */
.journal-info-card {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 15px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 6px;
}

.journal-info-card-title {
    color: #b30000;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.journal-info-card-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
}

/* Guidelines Grid and Cards (Task 5) */
.guidelines-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.guidelines-card {
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 20px;
    text-align: center;
}

.guidelines-card-title {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #b30000;
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
}

.guidelines-card-text {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.guidelines-card-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}

.guidelines-card-btn:hover {
    background-color: #920000;
}

/* Checklist warnings (Task 5) */
.checklist-box {
    background-color: #fffbeb;
    border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-top: 15px;
}

.checklist-title {
    margin: 0 0 6px 0;
    color: #b45309;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.checklist-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #78350f;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .guidelines-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* Peer Review Flowchart styles (Task 5) */
.flowchart-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    padding: 25px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.flowchart-step {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 320px;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e293b;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.flowchart-step.highlighted {
    border: 1.5px solid #b30000;
    color: #b30000;
}

.flowchart-step.success {
    background-color: #10b981;
    border: none;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
}

.flowchart-arrow {
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.journal-highlight-box-title.red {
    color: #b30000;
}

/* Subsection headings and grid layouts (Task 5) */
.journal-subsection-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #b30000;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    margin: 20px 0 10px 0;
}

.journal-subsection-title.first {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.indexing-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
    background-color: #f9fafb;
    padding: 15px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .indexing-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

/* Premium Article Card Design (User Request 2) */
.article-premium-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    display: flex;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    text-align: left;
}

.article-premium-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.article-card-left-bar {
    width: 5px;
    background-color: #b30000;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.article-card-main-content {
    flex-grow: 1;
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
}

.article-card-top-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.article-badge {
    background-color: #fef2f2;
    color: #b30000;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-meta-tag {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #64748b;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.article-card-title-premium {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-title-link {
    color: #1e293b;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s;
    font-size: 16px;
}

.article-title-link:hover {
    color: #b30000;
}

.article-card-authors-premium {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.article-card-footer-premium {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    padding-top: 12px;
    margin-top: 5px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
}

.article-doi-box {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
}

.article-doi-link-premium {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-doi-link-premium:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-actions-stats {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
}

.article-stats-counters {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
}

.stat-counter-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.stat-icon {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.btn-pdf-download {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.btn-pdf-download:hover {
    background-color: #900000;
}

/* Indexing Logos Grid Page (User Request 4) */
.indexing-logos-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 15px;
}

.indexing-logo-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 10px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.indexing-logo-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: #cbd5e1;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.indexing-logo-img-wrapper {
    height: 90px;
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.indexing-logo-img-wrapper img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center;
}

.indexing-logo-name {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #334155;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

/* Alternative Simple Article Card Design (User Request 5) */
.article-simple-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 20px 24px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
    text-align: left;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.article-simple-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: #cbd5e1;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.article-card-top-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.article-meta-tag {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #b30000;
    /* Primary Crimson */
    font-weight: 700;
}

.article-card-title-premium {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-title-link {
    color: #1e293b;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s;
}

.article-title-link:hover {
    color: #b30000;
}

.article-card-authors-premium {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.article-card-footer-premium {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding-top: 4px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
}

.article-doi-box {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.article-doi-link-premium {
    color: #64748b;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.article-doi-link-premium:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    color: #2563eb;
}

.article-actions-stats {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
}

.article-stats-counters {
    display: flex;
    gap: 15px;
}

.stat-counter-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

.stat-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    color: #94a3b8;
}

/* OJS Article Landing Page Split Columns Layout */
.article-details-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 7fr 3fr;
    gap: 30px;
    margin-top: 20px;
    text-align: left;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .article-details-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.article-details-left {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.article-details-right {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.article-sidebar-section {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 16px;
}

.article-sidebar-label {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #475569;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-sidebar-value {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #334155;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .ethics-page-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 20px !important;
    }

    .ethics-sidebar-nav {
        position: static !important;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   ARTICLE PAGE PREMIUM REDESIGN
   ========================================================================== */

/* Two-column layout grid for article page only */
.journal-grid-article {
    grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr !important;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .journal-grid-article {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
}

/* Premium Card container */
.article-premium-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.article-premium-container {
    padding: 35px;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .article-premium-container {
        padding: 20px;
    }
}

/* Red tag category badge */
.article-premium-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    color: #b30000;
    background-color: #fef2f2;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    border: 1px solid #fee2e2;
}

/* Article Title */
.article-premium-title {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1f2937;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin: 0 0 14px 0;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .article-premium-title {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
    }
}

/* Authors */
.article-premium-authors {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #334155;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* DOI Block */
.article-premium-doi {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #475569;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-premium-doi a {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.15s, text-decoration 0.15s;
}

.article-premium-doi a:hover {
    color: #1d4ed8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Premium Action Bar (PDF Download and Counters) */
.article-premium-action-bar {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding: 16px 0;
    margin-top: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 15px;
}

.article-premium-stats {
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-metric-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.article-metric-pill:hover {
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.article-metric-val {
    color: #1f2937;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Download PDF Action Button */
.btn-pdf-download-premium {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b30000 0%, #800000 100%);
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 10px 22px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.15);
    transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.btn-pdf-download-premium:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.3);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d60000 0%, #990000 100%);
}

.btn-pdf-download-premium:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Abstract layout card */
.abstract-section-premium {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border-left: 4px solid #b30000;
    border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;
    padding: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 28px;
    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.8);
}

.abstract-title-premium {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1f2937;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.75px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.abstract-text-premium {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.75;
    text-align: justify;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Keywords chips layout */
.keywords-section-premium {
    margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.keywords-title-premium {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #1f2937;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.75px;
}

.keywords-container-premium {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.keyword-chip {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #475569;
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    cursor: default;
}

.keyword-chip:hover {
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #b30000;
    transform: translateY(-1.5px);
    box-shadow: 0 3px 6px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* Article Metadata Sidebar Card */
.article-meta-sidebar-premium {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 24px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 22px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
}

.meta-sidebar-item-premium {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 6px;
}

.meta-sidebar-label-premium {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #64748b;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.75px;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid #f1f5f9;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
}

.meta-sidebar-value-premium {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.meta-sidebar-value-premium a {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s;
}

.meta-sidebar-value-premium a:hover {
    color: #1d4ed8;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   HOME PAGE – WELCOME (welcome.blade.php)
   ========================================================================== */

/* Articles list wrapper */
.articles-list-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

/* Empty-state card */
.articles-empty-card {
    padding: 40px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #64748b;
}

/* Article card gap/margin overrides */
.article-simple-card {
    gap: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}

/* Article title heading */
.article-card-title-premium {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Article title anchor */
.article-title-link {
    color: #1f2937;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s;
}

/* Volume / issue / pages meta tag */
.article-meta-tag {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Authors line */
.article-card-authors-premium {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin: 0;
}

/* Footer row (DOI + actions) */
.article-card-footer-premium {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding-top: 8px;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    margin-top: 4px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
}

/* DOI box */
.article-doi-box {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
}

/* DOI logo image */
.article-doi-logo {
    height: 14px;
    width: auto;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

/* DOI anchor */
.article-doi-link-premium {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-doi-link-premium:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Actions + stats wrapper */
.article-actions-stats {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

/* Stats counters row */
.article-stats-counters {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

/* Individual stat item */
.stat-counter-item {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
}

/* Icon inside stat counter */
.stat-counter-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    color: #475569;
}

/* Bold number inside stat counter */
.stat-counter-value {
    color: #1f2937;
}

/* PDF download button */
.btn-pdf-download {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.btn-pdf-download:hover {
    background-color: #8b0000;
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* PDF icon inside the button */
.pdf-icon {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
    margin-right: 4px;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

/* Sidebar Indexing Slide Transitions */
.indexing-slide {
    position: absolute;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 1s ease-in-out;
    padding: 10px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.indexing-slide.active {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* ========================================== */
/* ====== CUSTOM PREMIUM SIDEBAR CARDS ====== */
/* ========================================== */

/* Call For Papers Card */
.call-for-papers-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #fefcf7 100%);
    border: 1px solid #e9dfc6;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.call-for-papers-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 4px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #b30000 0%, #d97706 100%);
}

.call-papers-header {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f3ebd4;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
}

.call-papers-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #b30000;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.regional-lang-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: #fef3c7;
    color: #d97706;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 3px 8px;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    border: 1px solid #fde68a;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    animation: soft-pulse 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes soft-pulse {
    0% {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }

    50% {
        transform: scale(1.02);
        opacity: 0.9;
    }

    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }
}

.call-papers-body {
    padding: 16px;
}

.call-papers-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
}

.call-papers-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: #374151;
}

.call-papers-icon-box {
    margin-top: 2px;
    color: #b30000;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.call-papers-item p {
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.call-papers-item strong {
    color: #0f172a;
}

.btn-submit-paper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #b30000 0%, #900000 100%);
    color: #ffffff !important;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 12px 20px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out;
}

.btn-submit-paper:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #900000 0%, #700000 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.3), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* Current Issue Card */
.current-issue-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
    transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.current-issue-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.current-issue-img-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    height: 180px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: #f3f4f6;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.current-issue-img-wrapper img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease;
}

.current-issue-card:hover .current-issue-img-wrapper img {
    transform: scale(1.06);
}

.current-issue-glass-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 100%);
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 3px;
}

.current-issue-tag {
    align-self: flex-start;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 2px 6px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.current-issue-label {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin: 0;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.current-issue-sublabel {
    color: #e2e8f0;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0;
    text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.current-issue-read-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 6px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    transition: background-color 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.current-issue-card:hover .current-issue-read-btn {
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Announcements Card */
.announcements-card {
    border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
}

.live-indicator {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.live-dot {
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    background-color: #22c55e;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.7);
    animation: live-blink 1.5s infinite;
}

@keyframes live-blink {
    0% {
        transform: scale(0.95);
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.7);
    }

    70% {
        transform: scale(1);
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(34, 197, 94, 0);
    }

    100% {
        transform: scale(0.95);
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(34, 197, 94, 0);
    }
}

.anuncmnt-container {
    position: relative;
    height: 220px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.anuncmnt-fade-top,
.anuncmnt-fade-bottom {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 25px;
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 10;
}

.anuncmnt-fade-top {
    top: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);
}

.anuncmnt-fade-bottom {
    bottom: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 100%);
}

.anuncmnt-ticker-wrapper {
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    position: relative;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

.anuncmnt-ticker-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
    animation: ticker-scroll 32s linear infinite;
}

.anuncmnt-ticker-content:hover {
    animation-play-state: paused;
}

@keyframes ticker-scroll {
    0% {
        transform: translateY(0);
    }

    100% {
        transform: translateY(-50%);
    }
}

.anuncmnt-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 5px 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.anuncmnt-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.anuncmnt-item:hover {
    background-color: #f1f5f9;
    border-color: #e2e8f0;
}

.anuncmnt-icon {
    color: #d97706;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-top: 3px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.anuncmnt-item p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #374151;
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    text-align: left;
}

/* Contact Communication Card */
.contact-communication-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #fafbff 100%);
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.contact-body {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 14px;
}

.contact-intro {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0;
}

.contact-bullet-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 8px;
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.contact-bullet-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #1f2937;
    font-weight: 650;
}

.contact-bullet-dot {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background-color: #b30000;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.contact-divider {
    height: 1px;
    background-color: #e2e8f0;
    margin: 4px 0;
}

.contact-methods {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.contact-method-title {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    margin: 0;
}

.contact-link-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    color: #1e293b;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.contact-link-item:hover {
    background-color: #b30000;
    border-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff !important;
}

.contact-link-item:hover .contact-link-icon {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.contact-link-icon {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: #b30000;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 16px;
    text-align: center;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

/* Dynamic Grid layouts for hiding left sidebar on inner pages */
.journal-grid-home {
    grid-template-columns: 300px 1fr 300px !important;
}

.journal-grid-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px !important;
}

.journal-grid-article-only {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
}

/* Journal Detail Metadata Cards Redesign */
.journal-metadata-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 14px;
}

.journal-metadata-card {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
}

.journal-metadata-card strong {
    color: #0f172a;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.journal-metadata-card.impact-card {
    background-color: #fef2f2;
    border-color: #fecaca;
}

.journal-metadata-card.impact-card strong {
    color: #dc2626;
}

.journal-detail-description-premium {
    font-size: 1rem !important;
    /* 16px font size */
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.6;
    text-align: justify;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    margin-top: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Redesigned Journal Hero Detail Card */
.journal-detail-hero-card {
    display: block;
    padding: 25px;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
}

/* Redesigned Journal Hero Detail Card Classes */
.journal-hero-title-section {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
}

.journal-hero-title-h1 {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.journal-hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #64748b;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.8px;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.journal-hero-main-title {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: #002d62;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    line-height: 1.25;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
}

.journal-hero-divider-dashed {
    border-bottom: 1.5px dashed #cbd5e1;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.journal-hero-body {
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.journal-hero-left-box {
    float: left;
    width: 180px;
    margin-right: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

.journal-hero-cover-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.journal-hero-peer-badge {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    text-align: left;
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
}

.journal-hero-peer-icon {
    width: 22px;
    height: 22px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #002d62;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #ffffff;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journal-hero-peer-icon i {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
}

.journal-hero-peer-text-wrapper {
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.journal-hero-peer-text {
    font-size: 0.58rem;
    color: #64748b;
    font-weight: 600;
    display: block;
}

.journal-hero-peer-bold {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    color: #002d62;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.journal-hero-peer-highlight {
    color: #b30000;
}

.journal-hero-description {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #334155;
    text-align: left;
    margin: 0;
}

.journal-hero-divider-solid {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.journal-hero-meta-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journal-hero-oa-box {
    background-color: #fff7ed;
    border: 1.5px solid #fed7aa;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.05);
}

.journal-hero-oa-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #ffedd5;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #ea580c;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journal-hero-oa-icon i {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.journal-hero-oa-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-hero-oa-label {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #c2410c;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-hero-oa-value {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: #ea580c;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-hero-issn-box {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    background-color: #f0f9ff;
    border: 1.5px solid #bae6fd;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.journal-hero-issn-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #e0f2fe;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #0284c7;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journal-hero-issn-icon i {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.journal-hero-issn-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.journal-hero-issn-label {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #0369a1;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-hero-issn-value {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: #0f172a;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-hero-impact-box {
    background-color: #fff1f2;
    border: 1.5px solid #fecaca;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.journal-hero-impact-icon {
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #ffe4e6;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #b30000;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journal-hero-impact-icon i {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.journal-hero-impact-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
}

.journal-hero-impact-label {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #be123c;
    font-weight: 800;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.journal-hero-impact-value {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 900;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
}

.journal-current-issue-heading {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #002d62;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #b30000;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    margin: 0 0 6px 0;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

.journal-current-issue-heading i {
    color: #b30000;
    margin-right: 8px;
}

.articles-pagination-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 6px;
    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.articles-pagination-btn {
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    transition: all 0.18s;
}

.articles-pagination-btn.active {
    border-color: #b30000;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Custom File Upload Widget Styles */
.custom-file-upload-zone {
    border: 2px dashed #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 10px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    text-align: center;
}

.custom-file-upload-zone:hover {
    border-color: #3b82f6;
    background-color: #eff6ff;
}

.upload-zone-icon {
    color: #64748b;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.custom-file-upload-zone:hover .upload-zone-icon {
    color: #3b82f6;
}

.upload-zone-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
}

.upload-primary-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #334155;
}

.upload-sub-text {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

/* ================= RESPONSIVE MEDIA QUERIES ================= */

/* Tablets and small laptops (max-width: 1024px) */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .journal-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .journal-sidebar {
        order: 2;
    }

    .journal-content-col {
        order: 1;
    }

    .journal-sidebar-right {
        order: 3;
    }

    .journal-navbar-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 12px;
        gap: 12px;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .journal-nav-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: center;
        width: 100%;
        gap: 6px;
    }

    .journal-nav-links li {
        width: auto;
    }

    .journal-nav-links a {
        padding: 8px 14px;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .journal-search-container {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 400px;
        justify-content: center;
        margin: 4px auto 0 auto;
    }

    .journal-search-input {
        flex-grow: 1;
        width: auto;
    }
}

/* Mobile-only Open Access Badge: hidden by default on desktop */
.mobile-open-access-badge {
    display: none;
}

/* Mobile-only navigation menu extra links */
.journal-mobile-extra-links {
    display: none;
}

/* Editorial Board Avatar defaults for desktop */
.editorial-member-avatar {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 1.5px solid #cbd5e1;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.editorial-member-avatar-svg {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
}

/* Archives year and issue links defaults for desktop */
.archive-year-title {
    font-size: 18px;
}

.archive-issue-link {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: #0f172a !important;
}

/* Creative Commons license badge centering defaults for desktop */
.cc-badge-box {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
}

.cc-license-icon-box {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.cc-text {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Mobile Devices (max-width: 768px) */
@media (max-width: 768px) {

    html,
    body {
        overflow-x: hidden;
        max-width: 100%;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    img {
        max-width: 100%;
        height: auto;
    }

    /* Absolute Centering for Cover Hero section on all pages */
    .journal-detail-container {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        padding: 16px !important;
        gap: 16px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
    }

    .journal-cover-image {
        display: block !important;
        margin: 0 auto !important;
        max-width: 130px !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-info {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-title {
        font-size: 1.05rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
        margin: 10px 0 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        display: block !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-metadata {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-metadata span {
        white-space: normal !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        font-size: 13px !important;
        display: block !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    /* Adjust custom file upload button on mobile to prevent overflow */
    .file-custom-btn {
        width: auto !important;
        max-width: 100px !important;
        font-size: 0.72rem !important;
        padding: 8px 10px !important;
        white-space: normal !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        line-height: 1.2 !important;
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }

    /* Hide mobile OA badge on desktop */
    .mobile-open-access-badge {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Reduce the font size of every heading on mobile */
    h1 {
        font-size: 1.3rem !important;
    }

    h2 {
        font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    }

    h3 {
        font-size: 1.1rem !important;
    }

    h4,
    h5,
    h6 {
        font-size: 1.0rem !important;
    }

    .journal-header-title {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .journal-card-header {
        font-size: 23px !important;
    }

    .journal-card-header span {
        font-size: 23px !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-main-title {
        font-size: 1.15rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        display: block !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-title-h1 {
        align-items: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-subtitle {
        text-align: center !important;
        display: block !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-header-container {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        padding: 4px 10px !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
    }

    .journal-brand-wrapper {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }

    .journal-header-logo {
        height: 45px !important;
        width: auto !important;
    }

    .journal-brand-text {
        display: inline-block !important;
        font-size: 1.4rem !important;
        font-weight: 800 !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
        letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
    }

    .open-access-badge {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .journal-menu-toggle {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        background: none !important;
        border: none !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
        cursor: pointer !important;
        padding: 8px !important;
        outline: none !important;
    }

    .journal-navbar {
        display: none !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        background-color: #111827 !important;
    }

    .journal-navbar.active {
        display: block !important;
    }

    .journal-navbar-container {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        padding: 8px 16px !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
    }

    .journal-nav-links {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        gap: 4px !important;
    }

    .journal-nav-links li {
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-nav-links a {
        display: block !important;
        padding: 8px 12px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
        color: #cccccc !important;
    }

    .journal-search-container {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        margin-top: 8px !important;
    }

    .journal-main-wrapper {
        margin: 15px auto;
        padding: 0 12px;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-content-col {
        width: 100% !important;
        min-width: 0 !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
    }

    /* Center the cover image presentation in mobile */
    .journal-hero-left-box {
        float: none !important;
        margin: 0 auto 20px auto !important;
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-cover-img {
        max-width: 160px !important;
        height: auto !important;
        margin: 0 auto !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
        box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) !important;
        border: 2px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
        display: block !important;
    }

    /* Style peer reviewed badge as a premium centered label */
    .journal-hero-peer-badge {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        margin: 12px auto 0 auto !important;
        padding: 6px 14px !important;
        background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
        border-radius: 20px !important;
        border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
        max-width: fit-content !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-peer-icon {
        background-color: #b30000 !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-peer-bold {
        color: #b30000 !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-body {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-description {
        text-align: justify !important;
        font-size: 0.92rem !important;
        line-height: 1.5 !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-meta-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 15px;
    }

    .journal-hero-issn-label {
        white-space: normal !important;
    }

    .journal-hero-issn-value {
        white-space: normal !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
        line-height: 1.3 !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 16px;
        padding: 16px;
    }

    .journal-cover-image {
        max-width: 150px;
        height: auto;
    }

    .article-simple-card {
        padding: 12px !important;
    }

    .article-simple-card .article-meta-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .article-simple-card .article-actions {
        width: auto !important;
    }

    .article-actions-stats {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: row !important;
        justify-content: space-between !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
    }

    .article-stats-counters {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        gap: 4px !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
    }

    .btn-pdf-download,
    .btn-pdf-download-premium {
        font-size: 0.75rem !important;
        padding: 6px 8px !important;
        width: auto !important;
        align-self: center !important;
        margin: 0 !important;
        display: inline-flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        flex-shrink: 0 !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }

    .pdf-btn-text {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .pdf-icon {
        margin-right: 0 !important;
    }

    /* Centered, single column premium footer on mobile */
    .journal-footer {
        padding: 20px 16px 20px 16px !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }

    .journal-footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 15px !important;
        text-align: center !important;
    }

    .footer-logo-col {
        align-items: center !important;
    }

    .journal-footer-logo {
        height: 80px !important;
        margin: 0 auto 2px auto !important;
    }

    .footer-col {
        text-align: center !important;
    }

    .footer-links {
        align-items: center !important;
    }

    .footer-text {
        word-wrap: break-word !important;
        word-break: break-word !important;
    }

    .footer-text p {
        margin: 0 0 2px 0 !important;
    }

    .footer-email-link {
        word-wrap: break-word !important;
        word-break: break-all !important;
    }

    .cc-badge-box {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
    }

    .cc-license-icon-box {
        justify-content: center !important;
        display: flex !important;
    }

    .cc-text {
        text-align: center !important;
    }

    .journal-footer-bottom {
        margin-top: 15px !important;
        padding: 10px 6px !important;
    }

    .journal-copyright {
        white-space: nowrap !important;
        font-size: 9px !important;
        letter-spacing: -0.1px !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
        font-weight: 700 !important;
    }
}

/* Extra Small Mobile (max-width: 480px) */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .btn-submit-manuscript {
        width: 100% !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
    }
}

/* ====================================================
   MOBILE FIXES PART 2: Article, Archives, Editorial etc.
   ==================================================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {

    /* 0. Show open access badge inside hero on mobile */
    .mobile-open-access-badge {
        display: flex !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
        margin-top: 10px !important;
        padding: 4px 12px !important;
        background-color: #fff7ed !important;
        border: 1px solid #fed7aa !important;
        border-radius: 20px !important;
        width: fit-content !important;
        margin-left: auto !important;
        margin-right: auto !important;
    }

    /* 1. Article card title - reduce font size */
    .article-card-title-premium {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
    }

    .article-title-link {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    }

    .article-item-title {
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    }

    /* 2. Reduce list data font sizes */
    .sidebar-links a {
        font-size: 16px !important;
    }

    .article-meta-tag {
        font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    }

    .article-card-authors-premium {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    }

    .article-card-footer-premium {
        padding-top: 6px !important;
    }

    .stat-counter-item {
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
        white-space: nowrap !important;
    }

    /* Archive issue list items */
    .archive-year-group h3 {
        font-size: 1.1rem !important;
    }

    /* 3. Open Access Badge: show it inside the journal-detail-container (hero) on mobile */
    /* Keep it hidden only in the main header (already done via .open-access-badge) */
    /* This is the hero section badge; reveal in a centered row below the cover */
    .journal-detail-container {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        padding: 16px !important;
        gap: 12px !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-info {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-title {
        font-size: 1.05rem !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-metadata {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    }

    .journal-detail-metadata span {
        white-space: normal !important;
        text-align: center !important;
        font-size: 13px !important;
        display: block !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
    }

    .journal-cover-image {
        max-width: 130px !important;
        height: auto !important;
    }

    /* 4. Abstract section alignment - fix title and toggle on mobile */
    .abstract-title-premium {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        gap: 6px !important;
    }

    .abstract-title-premium span:first-child {
        font-size: 1.0rem !important;
    }

    #abstractToggleText {
        font-size: 0.8rem !important;
        align-self: flex-start !important;
    }

    .abstract-text-premium {
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
        text-align: left !important;
    }

    /* Article detail page: stack grid columns */
    .article-details-grid {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        gap: 16px !important;
    }

    .article-details-left,
    .article-details-right {
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .article-premium-card {
        padding: 12px !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
    }

    .article-premium-container {
        padding: 0 !important;
    }

    .article-premium-title {
        font-size: 1.0rem !important;
        line-height: 1.4 !important;
    }

    .article-premium-authors {
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    }

    .article-premium-action-bar {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        gap: 10px !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
    }

    .btn-pdf-download-premium {
        width: 100% !important;
        justify-content: center !important;
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
        padding: 10px 14px !important;
    }

    .article-premium-stats {
        flex-wrap: wrap !important;
        gap: 8px !important;
    }

    .keywords-section-premium {
        margin-top: 0 !important;
    }

    .article-meta-sidebar-premium {
        border-radius: 6px !important;
    }

    /* 5. Archives main page - Clickable issues with chevrons on mobile */
    .archive-year-group {
        margin-bottom: 20px !important;
    }

    .archive-issue-row {
        flex-direction: row !important;
        align-items: center !important;
        gap: 10px !important;
        padding: 12px 14px !important;
    }

    .btn-archive-view-articles {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .archive-mobile-chevron {
        display: inline-block !important;
    }

    .archive-issue-link {
        color: #b30000 !important;
    }

    /* 6. Editorial Board page - remove justify, left-align, reduce avatar/icon size */
    .editorial-member-card {
        flex-direction: row !important;
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        text-align: left !important;
        gap: 12px !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-photo {
        width: 60px !important;
        height: 60px !important;
        border-radius: 50% !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-avatar {
        width: 45px !important;
        height: 45px !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-avatar-svg {
        width: 22px !important;
        height: 22px !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-info {
        text-align: left !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-links {
        align-items: flex-start !important;
        word-break: break-all !important;
        font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-link {
        word-break: break-all !important;
    }

    .editorial-section-title {
        font-size: 1.0rem !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-name {
        font-size: 1.0rem !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-title {
        font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    }

    .editorial-member-info p,
    .editorial-member-title,
    .editorial-member-affiliation {
        text-align: left !important;
    }

    /* 7. Manuscript Submission form - reduce gaps */
    .submission-form {
        padding: 0 !important;
        gap: 12px !important;
    }

    .form-group {
        margin-bottom: 0 !important;
        gap: 4px !important;
    }

    .form-control {
        font-size: 0.92rem !important;
        padding: 8px 10px !important;
    }

    .form-textarea,
    .form-textarea-large {
        font-size: 0.92rem !important;
    }

    .file-upload-wrapper {
        flex-direction: row !important;
    }

    .file-custom-btn {
        width: auto !important;
        text-align: left !important;
    }

    /* Remove justify from all inner pages on mobile */
    main *,
    .journal-content-col *,
    .journal-card-text,
    .journal-hero-description {
        text-align: left !important;
    }

    /* EXCEPTION: Home page hero title must stay centered */
    .journal-hero-title-section,
    .journal-hero-title-section *,
    .journal-hero-title-h1,
    .journal-hero-subtitle,
    .journal-hero-main-title {
        text-align: center !important;
    }

    /* Article Processing Charges table mobile style overrides */
    .journal-table-box {
        padding: 12px !important;
    }

    .journal-table th {
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    }

    .journal-table td.fee-name {
        font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    }

    .journal-table td.fee-val {
        font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    }

    /* Publication ethics spacing overrides */
    .ethics-card-body {
        padding: 12px 10px !important;
        gap: 16px !important;
    }

    .ethics-card-body>div {
        padding: 14px !important;
    }

    /* 8. Indexing Logos Grid Page - smaller and two columns on mobile */
    .indexing-logos-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr) !important;
        gap: 10px !important;
    }

    .indexing-logo-card {
        padding: 6px !important;
    }

    .indexing-logo-img-wrapper {
        height: 60px !important;
    }

    /* 9. Collapsible Mobile navigation menu secondary links */
    .journal-mobile-extra-links {
        display: flex !important;
        flex-direction: column !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        padding: 0 !important;
        margin: 15px 0 0 0 !important;
        border-top: 1px dashed #374151 !important;
        list-style: none !important;
    }

    .journal-mobile-extra-links li {
        width: 100% !important;
    }

    .journal-mobile-extra-links a {
        display: block !important;
        padding: 8px 12px !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        box-sizing: border-box !important;
        color: #9ca3af !important;
        font-size: 0.9rem !important;
        font-weight: 600 !important;
    }

    .journal-mobile-extra-links a:hover {
        color: #ffffff !important;
        background-color: #1f2937 !important;
    }

    .mobile-section-divider {
        padding: 10px 12px 4px 12px !important;
        font-size: 0.72rem !important;
        text-transform: uppercase !important;
        color: #f59e0b !important;
        font-weight: 700 !important;
        letter-spacing: 0.5px !important;
    }

    /* Overall inner pages: journal grid single column */
    .journal-grid,
    .journal-grid-inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 0 !important;
    }

    .journal-grid .journal-sidebar,
    .journal-grid .journal-sidebar-right,
    .journal-grid-inner .journal-sidebar-right {
        display: none !important;
    }

    /* Contact link - prevent overflow */
    .contact-link-item span {
        word-break: break-all !important;
        font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    }

    /* Mobile metadata card values, Year, and Issue link font sizes */
    .journal-hero-issn-value,
    .journal-hero-impact-value,
    .journal-hero-oa-value {
        font-size: 13px !important;
    }

    .archive-year-title,
    .archive-issue-link {
        font-size: 0.95rem !important;
        color: #0f172a !important;
    }

    /* Remove gaps above Current Issue heading */
    .journal-detail-hero-card {
        margin-bottom: 12px !important;
    }

    .journal-current-issue-heading {
        margin-top: 0 !important;
    }

    .desktop-back-text {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .mobile-back-text {
        display: inline !important;
    }

    /* Publication Ethics and Review Process inner sub-card padding overrides on mobile */
    .ethics-card-body {
        padding: 12px 10px !important;
        gap: 16px !important;
    }

    .ethics-card-body>div,
    .journal-card-body div[style*="padding: 24px"] {
        padding: 15px !important;
        border-radius: 6px !important;
    }

    /* Paragraph font size in all inner pages (15px on mobile) */
    .journal-card-text,
    .journal-card-text p,
    .journal-card-body p,
    .journal-card-body li {
        font-size: 15px !important;
        line-height: 1.6 !important;
    }

    /* Compact card body padding on mobile to keep gaps identical left & right */
    .journal-card-body {
        padding: 15px !important;
    }

    /* Prevent file input overflow */
    .file-input {
        min-width: 0 !important;
    }
}

/* Extra small mobile supplement */
@media (max-width: 480px) {

    /* Archive issue row: smaller button on very small screens */
    .journal-hero-cover-img {
        max-width: 160px !important;
    }

    .article-premium-title {
        font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    }
}

/* Admin mobile responsive styles moved to admin.css */

/* ==========================================================================
   EXTRACTED STYLES FROM BLADE TEMPLATES
   ========================================================================== */

/* Common / Reusable classes */
.journal-card-body-premium {
    padding: 24px !important;
}
.journal-lead-text {
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.6;
}
.margin-zero {
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.height-100 {
    height: 100% !important;
}

/* Layout header and open access badges */
.header-brand-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    gap: 10px;
}
.header-sub-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: block;
    margin-top: 4px;
    opacity: 0.9;
}
.header-oa-badge {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.header-oa-img {
    height: 28px;
    width: auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Contact Us Page */
.contact-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr;
    gap: 25px;
    align-items: stretch;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .contact-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}
.contact-card-sidebar {
    margin: 0;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}
.contact-sidebar-body {
    padding: 20px;
    flex-grow: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
}
.contact-desc {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.5;
}
.contact-info-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 15px;
    flex-grow: 1;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.contact-info-item {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}
.contact-icon-box {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.icon-box-red {
    background-color: #fee2e2;
    color: #b30000;
}
.icon-box-blue {
    background-color: #dbeafe;
    color: #2563eb;
}
.icon-box-green {
    background-color: #ecfdf5;
    color: #10b981;
}
.icon-box-purple {
    background-color: #f3e8ff;
    color: #7c3aed;
}
.contact-item-title {
    color: #0f172a;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.contact-item-value-block {
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
    display: block;
    line-height: 1.45;
}
.contact-email-link {
    color: #2563eb;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.contact-email-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}
.contact-item-value {
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #475569;
}
.contact-form-card {
    margin: 0;
}
.contact-form-body {
    padding: 24px;
}
.contact-success-banner {
    display: none;
    background-color: #d1fae5;
    border: 1px solid #10b981;
    color: #065f46;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}
.contact-success-icon {
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.contact-form-fields {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
}
.contact-form-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 16px;
}
@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .contact-form-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}
.contact-form-label {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #475569;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.contact-form-input {
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 6px;
    width: 100%;
    outline: none;
}
.contact-form-textarea {
    padding: 10px 14px;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;
    border-radius: 6px;
    width: 100%;
    height: 120px;
    resize: vertical;
    outline: none;
}
.contact-submit-btn {
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
    margin-top: 10px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.2);
    width: 100%;
}
.contact-submit-btn:hover {
    background-color: #990000;
}

/* Sidebar extracted classes */
.flex-align-center-gap8 {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.sidebar-icon-svg {
    vertical-align: middle;
    display: inline-block;
    color: #b30000;
}
.sidebar-contact-body {
    padding: 10px 14px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.sidebar-contact-intro {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    margin: 0;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #4b5563;
}
.sidebar-contact-bullets {
    padding-left: 12px;
    margin: 0;
    list-style-type: disc;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
}
.sidebar-contact-bullet-item {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #1f2937;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.sidebar-contact-divider {
    margin: 4px 0;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: #e2e8f0;
}
.sidebar-contact-methods {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
}
.sidebar-contact-method-title {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #6b7280;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin: 0 0 2px 0;
}
.sidebar-contact-link {
    padding: 6px 10px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
    color: #1e293b;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}
.sidebar-contact-link:hover {
    color: #b30000;
    border-color: #fecaca;
    background-color: #fff1f2;
}
.sidebar-contact-link-icon {
    color: #b30000;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.sidebar-announcements-body {
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
}

/* Footer premium extracted classes */
.journal-footer-premium {
    padding-top: 30px !important;
    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.journal-footer-container-premium {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    padding: 0 40px !important;
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1.2fr !important;
    gap: 30px !important;
}
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .journal-footer-container-premium {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;
    }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .journal-footer-container-premium {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
}
.footer-logo-col-premium {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
}
.footer-logo-link-premium {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
.footer-logo-img-premium {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
.footer-text-premium {
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
}
.cc-license-icon-box-premium {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
}
.cc-license-link-premium {
    display: inline-block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    text-align: center;
}
.cc-license-img-premium {
    height: 31px;
    width: auto;
    border: 1px solid #7f8c8d;
    border-radius: 3px;
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
.cc-text-premium {
    text-align: center;
}
.footer-text-small-premium {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #9ca3af;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 10px;
}
.journal-footer-bottom-premium {
    margin-top: 25px !important;
    padding: 15px 0 !important;
}

/* Modal extracted classes */
.alert-modal-overlay {
    display: none;
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6);
    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
    z-index: 9999;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;
}
.alert-modal-box {
    background: #ffffff;
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    width: 90%;
    max-width: 400px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    text-align: center;
    transform: scale(0.95);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in-out;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif;
}
.alert-modal-icon-wrapper {
    width: 56px;
    height: 56px;
    background-color: #ffe4e6;
    color: #b30000;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
}
.alert-modal-title {
    margin: 0 0 8px 0;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #002d62;
}
.alert-modal-text {
    margin: 0 0 20px 0;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #64748b;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.alert-modal-close-btn {
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px 24px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
    width: 100%;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(179, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.alert-modal-close-btn:hover {
    background-color: #990000;
}

/* Sidebar CFP and indexing classes */
.d-none {
    display: none !important;
}
.sidebar-cfp-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 15px 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 12px;
}
.sidebar-cfp-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    color: #1f2937;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
    word-break: break-word;
}
.sidebar-cfp-bullet {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.sidebar-submit-btn {
    padding: 10px 15px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 700;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 6px;
    transition: background-color 0.2s;
}
.sidebar-submit-btn:hover {
    background-color: #990000;
}
.sidebar-carousel-body {
    position: relative;
    height: 110px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
}
.sidebar-carousel-img {
    max-width: 85%;
    max-height: 85%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

/* Policy and Ethics section classes */
.policy-sections-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}
.policy-section-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 24px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}
.policy-section-title {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid #f1f5f9;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.policy-accent-bar {
    width: 4px;
    height: 18px;
    background-color: #b30000;
    display: inline-block;
    border-radius: 2px;
}
.policy-subtitle {
    margin: 0 0 6px 0 !important;
    font-size: 1.05rem !important;
    color: #b30000 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}
.policy-text-gap-8 {
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.policy-text-gap-10 {
    gap: 10px !important;
}
.policy-text-gap-16 {
    gap: 16px !important;
}
.partner-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 10px;
}
.partner-card {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
}
.partner-icon-svg {
    color: #10b981;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.partner-name {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
.bullet-list-flex-column {
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding-left: 20px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 6px !important;
}
.margin-top-6 {
    margin-top: 6px !important;
}
.margin-bottom-10 {
    margin-bottom: 10px !important;
}
.red-link {
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.red-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Flowchart and Timeline components */
.flowchart-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 24px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}
.flowchart-title {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #f1f5f9;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.flowchart-steps-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 45px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}
.flowchart-line {
    position: absolute;
    left: 18px;
    top: 10px;
    bottom: 10px;
    width: 3px;
    background-color: #cbd5e1;
    z-index: 1;
}
.flowchart-step {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}
.flowchart-badge {
    position: absolute;
    left: -45px;
    top: 0;
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    z-index: 2;
    border: 4px solid #ffffff;
}
.badge-red {
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.badge-blue {
    background-color: #1e3a8a;
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.badge-green {
    background-color: #10b981;
    color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.flowchart-content {
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 12px 18px;
}
.content-default {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.content-blue {
    background-color: #eff6ff;
    border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.05);
}
.content-green {
    background-color: #ecfdf5;
    border: 1px solid #a7f3d0;
}
.flowchart-step-title {
    margin: 0 0 2px 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}
.title-default {
    color: #0f172a;
}
.title-blue {
    color: #1e3a8a;
}
.title-green {
    color: #065f46;
}
.flowchart-step-desc {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
}
.desc-default {
    color: #475569;
}
.desc-blue {
    color: #1e40af;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.desc-green {
    color: #047857;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Guidelines and Conformation Points styles */
.section-subtitle-premium {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0f172a;
    margin-top: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.points-list-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-top: 10px;
}
.point-row-wrapper {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    display: flex;
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: start;
}
.point-index-circle {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #b30000;
    color: #ffffff;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 1px;
}
.point-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-align: left;
}
.ethics-card-body {
    padding: 24px 30px !important;
    background-color: #f8fafc !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 24px !important;
}
.mt-10 {
    margin-top: 10px !important;
}

/* Article listing and metadata classes */
.article-item-row {
    padding: 12px 16px !important;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    background-color: #ffffff !important;
    transition: all 0.2s !important;
}
.article-item-row:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) !important;
}
.article-item-title {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
    font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
}
.article-item-title-link {
    color: #1e293b;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.15s;
}
.article-item-title-link:hover {
    color: #2563eb !important;
}
.article-item-authors {
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    color: #1e293b !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
}
.doi-container {
    margin-top: 5px !important;
    margin-bottom: 6px !important;
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 6px !important;
}
.doi-logo-img {
    height: 12px !important;
    width: auto !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.doi-link {
    color: #2563eb !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.doi-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.article-item-meta {
    font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.meta-bold {
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
}
.article-item-actions-wrapper {
    display: flex !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
    gap: 10px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
    padding-top: 12px !important;
    margin-top: 12px !important;
}
.article-item-actions-inner {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
}
.article-item-metrics {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
}
.metric-badge {
    font-size: 0.8rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 4px !important;
}
.metric-icon-svg {
    width: 14px !important;
    height: 14px !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
}
.metric-value {
    color: #0f172a !important;
}
.btn-pdf-download-premium {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    background-color: #b30000 !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: 0.8rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    padding: 6px 12px !important;
    border-radius: 4px !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: background-color 0.2s !important;
    margin-left: 8px !important;
}
.btn-pdf-download-premium:hover {
    background-color: #990000 !important;
}
.pdf-icon-svg {
    width: 14px !important;
    height: 14px !important;
    margin-right: 4px !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
}

/* Archives page specific classes */
.archives-body-padding {
    padding: 16px !important;
}
.archive-year-group {
    margin-bottom: 30px !important;
}
.archive-year-title {
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    color: #b30000 !important;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
    padding-bottom: 6px !important;
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 15px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.archive-issue-list {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    padding-left: 6px !important;
}
.archive-issue-row {
    background-color: #f8fafc;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    gap: 10px;
}
.archive-issue-row:hover {
    border-color: #cbd5e1 !important;
    background-color: #f1f5f9 !important;
}
.archive-issue-title-wrapper {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 4px !important;
    flex: 1 !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
}
.archive-issue-link {
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    text-overflow: ellipsis !important;
}
.archive-issue-link:hover {
    color: #b30000 !important;
}
.btn-archive-view-articles {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    background-color: #b30000 !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    padding: 8px 16px !important;
    border-radius: 4px !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: background-color 0.2s !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    flex-shrink: 0 !important;
}
.btn-archive-view-articles:hover {
    background-color: #990000 !important;
}
.margin-left-6 {
    margin-left: 6px !important;
}
.back-to-archives-link {
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    color: #b30000 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}
.back-to-archives-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline !important;
}
.mobile-back-text {
    display: none;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .desktop-back-text {
        display: none !important;
    }
    .mobile-back-text {
        display: inline !important;
    }
}
.archive-articles-list {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
}
.empty-list-placeholder {
    padding: 40px !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
}

/* Article details page specific classes */
.article-details-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    overflow: hidden;
}
.article-details-container {
    padding: 24px;
}
.article-details-title {
    margin: 10px 0 10px 0 !important;
    font-size: 1.35rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    line-height: 1.35 !important;
    color: #1e293b !important;
}
.article-details-authors {
    font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.article-details-meta {
    font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
    margin-bottom: 8px !important;
}
.doi-logo-detail {
    height: 14px !important;
    width: auto !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.article-details-actions-wrapper {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    gap: 14px !important;
    margin-top: 14px !important;
    padding: 12px 0 !important;
    border-top: 1px dashed #e2e8f0 !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
}
.article-details-stats {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 14px !important;
}
.metric-icon-download {
    width: 16px !important;
    height: 16px !important;
    color: #ef4444 !important;
}
.metric-icon-view {
    width: 16px !important;
    height: 16px !important;
    color: #10b981 !important;
}
.pdf-icon-detail {
    width: 18px !important;
    height: 18px !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.article-details-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px;
    gap: 24px;
    margin-top: 20px;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .article-details-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
}
.abstract-card-premium {
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    background-color: #f8fafc !important;
    padding: 16px 20px !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.02) !important;
    transition: all 0.2s !important;
}
.abstract-title-row {
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1e293b;
    user-select: none;
    gap: 8px;
}
.abstract-title-left {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}
.abstract-title-icon-svg {
    color: #b30000;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
.abstract-toggle-btn {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #b30000;
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}
.abstract-body-wrapper {
    display: none;
    padding-top: 14px;
    margin-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
}
.abstract-body-text {
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    line-height: 1.65 !important;
    text-align: justify !important;
    color: #334155 !important;
    font-family: 'Outfit', 'Inter', sans-serif !important;
}
.keywords-card-premium {
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    background-color: #ffffff !important;
    padding: 14px 18px !important;
    margin-bottom: 10px !important;
}
.sidebar-meta-card-premium {
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    background-color: #f8fafc !important;
    padding: 16px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 14px !important;
}
.cc-block-flex {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 8px !important;
}
.cc-logo-link-block {
    display: inline-block !important;
}
.cc-logo-img-detail {
    height: 31px !important;
    width: auto !important;
    border: 1px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
    border-radius: 3px !important;
    display: block !important;
}
.cc-text-detail {
    font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    line-height: 1.45 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    text-align: justify !important;
}
.cc-text-link {
    color: #2563eb !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.cc-text-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline !important;
}

/* Search results page specific classes */
.search-card-body {
    padding: 24px !important;
}
.search-results-info {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
    font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
}
.red-text {
    color: #b30000 !important;
}
.search-results-list {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 4px !important;
    margin-top: 15px !important;
}
.search-empty-placeholder {
    padding: 40px !important;
    text-align: center !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
    border: 1px dashed #cbd5e1 !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
}
.search-article-card {
    gap: 4px !important;
    margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.search-article-title {
    margin: 0 !important;
    font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;
}
.search-title-link {
    color: #0f172a !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
    transition: color 0.15s !important;
}
.search-title-link:hover {
    color: #2563eb !important;
}
.search-meta-tag {
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    color: #b30000 !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}
.search-authors {
    font-size: 0.9rem !important;
    color: #1e293b !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.search-doi-container {
    margin-top: 5px !important;
    margin-bottom: 2px !important;
    font-size: 0.85rem !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    gap: 6px !important;
}
.search-card-footer {
    display: flex !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    padding-top: 8px !important;
    border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
    margin-top: 4px !important;
    flex-wrap: wrap !important;
    gap: 12px !important;
}
.search-actions-stats {
    width: 100% !important;
    display: flex !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    align-items: center !important;
}
.search-stats-counters {
    display: flex !important;
    gap: 10px !important;
    font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    color: #64748b !important;
}
.hero-peer-bold-override {
    font-size: 0.82rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
}
.article-actions-stats-index {
    width: 100% !important;
    display: flex !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    align-items: center !important;
}
.journal-header-icon {
    vertical-align: middle !important;
    display: inline-block !important;
    color: #b30000 !important;
}
.metrics-icon {
    display: inline-block !important;
    vertical-align: middle !important;
    margin-right: 6px !important;
    width: 14px !important;
    height: 14px !important;
}
.btn-loading {
    opacity: 0.7 !important;
    cursor: not-allowed !important;
}

/* Utility Spacing Classes */
.m-0 {
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.mb-8 {
    margin: 0 0 8px 0 !important;
}
.mb-10 {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important;
}
.mb-12 {
    margin-bottom: 12px !important;
}
.mb-16 {
    margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.mb-20 {
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.mb-24 {
    margin-bottom: 24px !important;
}
.mt-24 {
    margin-top: 24px !important;
}
.mt-25 {
    margin-top: 25px !important;
}

/* Premium Alert Styles */
.alert-success-premium {
    background-color: #d1fae5 !important;
    border: 1px solid #10b981 !important;
    color: #065f46 !important;
    padding: 15px !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.alert-danger-premium {
    background-color: #fee2e2 !important;
    border: 1px solid #ef4444 !important;
    color: #991b1b !important;
    padding: 15px !important;
    border-radius: 6px !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.alert-title-premium {
    font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
}
.alert-list-premium {
    margin: 5px 0 0 20px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Privacy statement specific styles */
.privacy-header {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #b30000 !important;
    padding-bottom: 12px !important;
    margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}
.privacy-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    color: #002d62 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.privacy-body {
    font-size: 0.95rem !important;
    color: #334155 !important;
    line-height: 1.7 !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.privacy-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.1rem !important;
    color: #002d62 !important;
    margin-top: 24px !important;
    margin-bottom: 10px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
}

/* Editorial Board styling */
.editorial-section {
    margin-top: 30px !important;
}
.editorial-section:first-of-type {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.editorial-section-title {
    color: #b30000 !important;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #cbd5e1 !important;
    padding-bottom: 6px !important;
    margin-bottom: 16px !important;
}
.editorial-group-list {
    display: flex !important;
    flex-direction: column !important;
    gap: 20px !important;
}
.editorial-person-row {
    display: flex !important;
    gap: 16px !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
    padding-bottom: 16px !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
}
.editorial-person-img {
    width: 100% !important;
    height: 100% !important;
    object-fit: cover !important;
}
.editorial-person-details {
    flex-grow: 1 !important;
}
.editorial-person-name {
    font-size: 1.05rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
    margin: 0 0 4px 0 !important;
}
.editorial-person-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.88rem !important;
    color: #475569 !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    line-height: 1.5 !important;
}